Django入门（中文版）

Copy codepip install django

luaCopy codemyproject/                 # 项目根目录
|-- myapp/                 # 应用目录
|   |-- migrations/        # 数据库迁移文件目录
|   |   |-- __init__.py
|   |   `-- 0001_initial.py
|   |-- static/            # 静态文件目录（CSS、JavaScript、图片等）
|   |-- templates/         # HTML 模板文件目录
|   |-- admin.py           # Django Admin 配置文件
|   |-- apps.py            # 应用配置文件
|   |-- models.py          # 数据模型文件
|   |-- tests.py           # 测试文件
|   |-- urls.py            # 应用 URL 配置文件
|   `-- views.py           # 视图文件（业务逻辑）
|-- myproject/             # 项目配置目录
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- asgi.py            # ASGI 配置文件
|   |-- settings.py        # 项目设置文件
|   |-- urls.py            # 项目 URL 配置文件
|   `-- wsgi.py            # WSGI 配置文件
|-- media/                 # 媒体文件目录（用户上传的文件）
|-- venv/                  # 虚拟环境目录（可选）
|-- .gitignore             # Git 忽略文件配置（可选）
|-- manage.py              # Django 管理脚本
`-- requirements.txt       # Python 依赖库列表（可选）

Copy codedjango-admin startproject myproject

bashCopy codecd myproject

Copy codepython manage.py startapp myapp

pythonCopy codeINSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'myapp',
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.db import models

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

Copy codepython manage.py makemigrations

Copy codepython manage.py migrate

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Post

def post_list(request):
    posts = Post.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'myapp/post_list.html', {'posts': posts})

htmlCopy code{% for post in posts %}
    <h2>{{ post.title }}</h2>
    <p>{{ post.content }}</p>
{% endfor %}

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.post_list, name='post_list'),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('myapp/', include('myapp.urls')),
]

Copy codepython manage.py runserver

pythonCopy codeclass Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField()

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['-pub_date']

pythonCopy codeclass PostManager(models.Manager):
    def recent_posts(self):
        return self.filter(pub_date__lte=datetime.now()).order_by('-pub_date')

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField()

    objects = PostManager()

pythonCopy codefrom django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField()

    def clean(self):
        if len(self.title) < 5:
            raise ValidationError('Title must be at least 5 characters long.')

pythonCopy codefrom django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver

@receiver(post_save, sender=Post)
def notify_admin(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    if created:
        send_email_to_admin(instance)

pythonCopy codefrom django.db import models

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

pythonCopy codeauthor = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

pythonCopy codetitle = models.CharField(max_length=300)

bashCopy codepython manage.py makemigrations

bashCopy codepython manage.py migrate

pythonCopy codeclass PublishedPostManager(models.Manager):
    def published(self):
        return self.filter(published=True)

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    published = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    objects = models.Manager()
    published_posts = PublishedPostManager()

pythonCopy codeclass TimeStampedMixin(models.Model):
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

class Post(TimeStampedMixin, models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    published = models.BooleanField(default=False)

pythonCopy codefrom django.db.models.signals import pre_save
from django.dispatch import receiver

@receiver(pre_save, sender=Post)
def update_summary(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    instance.summary = instance.content[:100]

pythonCopy codeclass PublishedPost(Post):
    class Meta:
        proxy = True

    def is_published(self):
        return True

pythonCopy codefrom datetime import timedelta
from django.utils import timezone

one_week_ago = timezone.now() - timedelta(weeks=1)
recent_posts = Post.objects.filter(pub_date__gte=one_week_ago)

pythonCopy codeclass Tag(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Post(models.Model):
    # ...其他字段...
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag)

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    bio = models.TextField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.username

pythonCopy codeclass Post(models.Model):
    # ...其他字段...

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'blog_posts'
        ordering = ['-pub_date']

pythonCopy codefrom django.db.models import F, Q

Post.objects.update(views=F('views') + 1)
popular_posts = Post.objects.filter(Q(views__gt=100) | Q(title__icontains='keyword'))

pythonCopy codeclass Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200, db_index=True)
    # ...其他字段...

bashCopy codepython manage.py makemigrations

bashCopy codepython manage.py migrate

bashCopy codepython manage.py migrate <app_name> <migration_name>

bashCopy codepython manage.py migrate myapp 0002_add_field

bashCopy codepython manage.py showmigrations

bashCopy codepython manage.py squashmigrations <app_name> <migration_name>

bashCopy codepython manage.py squashmigrations myapp 0005_latest_migration

bashCopy codepython manage.py makemigrations <app_name> --empty

pythonCopy codefrom django.db import migrations, models

def set_default_value(apps, schema_editor):
    MyModel = apps.get_model('myapp', 'MyModel')
    MyModel.objects.update(some_field='default value')

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('myapp', '0004_previous_migration'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(set_default_value),
    ]

pythonCopy codefrom django.db import migrations, models

def set_default_title(apps, schema_editor):
    Post = apps.get_model('blog', 'Post')
    Post.objects.filter(title__isnull=True).update(title='Untitled')

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('blog', '0003_auto_20210424_1300'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AddField(
            model_name='post',
            name='title',
            field=models.CharField(default='', max_length=200),
            preserve_default=False,
        ),
        migrations.RunPython(set_default_title),
    ]

pythonCopy codefrom django.db import migrations, models
from django.db.transaction import atomic

@atomic
def complex_migration_operation(apps, schema_editor):
    # 执行复杂的迁移操作

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('myapp', '0005_previous_migration'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(complex_migration_operation),
    ]

bashCopy codepython manage.py migrate --database=database_name

pythonCopy codefrom django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def send_welcome_email(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    if created:
        send_mail(
            'Welcome to My Site',
            'Thank you for registering at our website.',
            'noreply@example.com',
            [instance.email],
            fail_silently=False,
        )

pythonCopy codeCACHES = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
        'LOCATION': 'unique-snowflake',
    }
}

pythonCopy codefrom django.core.paginator import Paginator
from django.shortcuts import render
from myapp.models import Article

def article_list(request):
    articles = Article.objects.all().order_by('-pub_date')
    paginator = Paginator(articles, 25)  # 每页显示 25 篇文章

    page = request.GET.get('page')
    articles = paginator.get_page(page)

    return render(request, 'myapp/article_list.html', {'articles': articles})

pythonCopy codeimport logging

class LoggingMiddleware:
    def __init__(self, get_response):
        self.get_response = get_response

    def __call__(self, request):
        logging.info(f"Request to {request.path}")
        response = self.get_response(request)
        return response

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib import admin
from .models import MyModel

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 在这里自定义 ModelAdmin 属性和方法

admin.site.register(MyModel, MyModelAdmin)

pythonCopy codeclass MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title', 'author', 'pub_date')
    list_filter = ('author', 'pub_date')
    search_fields = ('title', 'author__username')
    ordering = ('-pub_date',)

pythonCopy codefrom django import forms

class MyModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    # 在这里自定义表单属性和方法

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    form = MyModelForm
    fields = ('title', 'author', 'pub_date', 'content')
    readonly_fields = ('pub_date',)
    exclude = ('slug',)

pythonCopy codedef set_published(modeladmin, request, queryset):
    queryset.update(published=True)
set_published.short_description = "设置为已发布"

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    actions = [set_published]

htmlCopy code{% extends "admin/base.html" %}

{% block title %}自定义管理后台首页{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
  <h1>欢迎来到自定义管理后台！</h1>
  <!-- 在这里添加你的自定义内容 -->
{% endblock %}

pythonCopy code# 在 admin.py 文件中

from django.urls import path
from django.shortcuts import render

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # ...

    def get_urls(self):
        urls = super().get_urls()
        custom_urls = [
            path('my_view/', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view), name='my_view'),
        ]
        return custom_urls + urls

    def my_view(self, request):
        # 在这里实现你的自定义逻辑
        return render(request, 'admin/my_view.html', {'title': 'My View'})

# 在 my_view.html 文件中

{% extends "admin/base.html" %}

{% block title %}自定义视图{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
  <h1>{{ title }}</h1>
  <!-- 在这里添加你的自定义内容 -->
{% endblock %}

pythonCopy codefrom django.http import HttpResponse

def my_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, World!")

pythonCopy codefrom django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views import View

class MyView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return HttpResponse("Hello, World!")

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('my_view/', views.my_view),
    path('my_class_view/', views.MyView.as_view()),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render

def my_view(request):
    context = {'message': 'Hello, World!'}
    return render(request, 'my_template.html', context)

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.http import HttpResponse

@login_required
def my_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, Authenticated User!")

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views import View

@method_decorator(login_required, name='dispatch')
class MyView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return HttpResponse("Hello, Authenticated User!")

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import redirect

def my_view(request):
    # 在这里执行一些操作
    return redirect('/another_view/')

pythonCopy codefrom django.core.paginator import Paginator
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import MyModel

def my_view(request):
    page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
    paginator = Paginator(MyModel.objects.all(), 25)  # 每页显示 25 条记录
    items = paginator.get_page(page)
    return render(request, 'my_template.html', {'items': items})

pythonCopy codefrom django.http import HttpResponse

def my_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, World!")

pythonCopy codefrom django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views import View

class MyView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return HttpResponse("Hello, World!")

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('my_view/', views.my_view),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('my_class_view/', views.MyView.as_view()),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render

def my_view(request):
    context = {'message': 'Hello, World!'}
    return render(request, 'my_template.html', context)

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.http import HttpResponse

@login_required
def my_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, Authenticated User!")

pythonCopy code# forms.py
from django import forms

class MyForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(label='Your name', max_length=100)

# views.py
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import MyForm

def my_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = MyForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # 在这里处理表单数据
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/success/')
    else:
        form = MyForm()
    return render(request, 'my_template.html', {'form': form})

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render
from .models import MyModel

def my_view(request):
    items = MyModel.objects.filter(published=True)
    return render(request, 'my_template.html', {'items': items})

pythonCopy codefrom django.core.paginator import Paginator
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import MyModel

def my_view(request):
    page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
    paginator = Paginator(MyModel.objects.all(), 25)  # 每页显示 25 条记录
    items = paginator.get_page(page)
    return render(request, 'my_template.html', {'items': items})

pythonCopy codefrom django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt

@csrf_exempt
def my_view(request):
    if request.is_ajax() and request.method == 'POST':
        data = {'message': 'Hello, World!'}
        return JsonResponse(data)
    else:
        return HttpResponse("Invalid request")

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from . import views

pythonCopy codeurlpatterns = [
    path('my_view/', views.my_view),
    path('my_class_view/', views.MyView.as_view()),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('my_app/', include('my_app.urls')),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/', views.articles),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/', views.articles, name='articles'),
]

htmlCopy code<a href="{% url 'articles' year=2023 month=4 %}">April 2023 Articles</a>

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import reverse
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

def my_view(request):
    url = reverse('articles', kwargs={'year': 2023, 'month': 4})
    return HttpResponseRedirect(url)

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'my_app'

urlpatterns = [
    path('articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/', views.articles, name='articles'),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('my_app/', include('my_app.urls', namespace='my_app')),
]

htmlCopy code<a href="{% url 'my_app:articles' year=2023 month=4 %}">April 2023 Articles</a>

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import reverse
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

def my_view(request):
    url = reverse('my_app:articles', kwargs={'year': 2023, 'month': 4})
    return HttpResponseRedirect(url)

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render

def my_view(request):
    my_variable = "Hello, World!"
    return render(request, 'index.html', {'my_variable': my_variable})

htmlCopy code<p>{{ my_variable }}</p>

htmlCopy code<ul>
{% for item in items %}
  <li>{{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

htmlCopy code<p>{{ date_variable|date:"Y-m-d" }}</p>

htmlCopy code<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>{% block title %}Default Title{% endblock %}</title>
</head>
<body>
  <div id="content">
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}
  </div>
</body>
</html>

htmlCopy code{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}My Custom Title{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
  <h1>Welcome to my website!</h1>
  <p>This is the homepage.</p>
{% endblock %}

htmlCopy code{% load static %}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
  <!-- ... -->
  <script src="{% static 'js/script.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>

pythonCopy codefrom django import forms

class ContactForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(label='Name', max_length=100)
    email = forms.EmailField(label='Email')
    message = forms.CharField(label='Message', widget=forms.Textarea)

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import ContactForm

def contact_view(request):
    form = ContactForm()
    return render(request, 'contact.html', {'form': form})

htmlCopy code<form method="post">
  {% csrf_token %}
  {{ form.name.label_tag }} {{ form.name }}
  {{ form.email.label_tag }} {{ form.email }}
  {{ form.message.label_tag }} {{ form.message }}
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from .forms import ContactForm

def contact_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ContactForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            name = form.cleaned_data['name']
            email = form.cleaned_data['email']
            message = form.cleaned_data['message']

            send_mail(
                f'Message from {name} <{email}>',
                message,
                email,
                ['your@email.com']
            )

            return render(request, 'contact_success.html')

    else:
        form = ContactForm()

    return render(request, 'contact.html', {'form': form})

pythonCopy codefrom django import forms
from .models import Article

class ArticleForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = ['title', 'content', 'author']

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import ArticleForm

def article_create_view(request):
    form = ArticleForm()
    return render(request, 'article_create.html', {'form': form})

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import ArticleForm

def article_create_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ArticleForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('articles')

    else:
        form = ArticleForm()

    return render(request, 'article_create.html', {'form': form})

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404
from .models import Article
from .forms import ArticleForm

def article_update_view(request, pk):
    article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=pk)

    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ArticleForm(request.POST, instance=article)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('articles')

    else:
        form = ArticleForm(instance=article)

    return render(request, 'article_update.html', {'form': form})

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('accounts/', include('django.contrib.auth.urls')),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class UserRegistrationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    password = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    password_confirm = forms.CharField(label='Confirm Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['username', 'email']

    def clean_password_confirm(self):
        cd = self.cleaned_data
        if cd['password'] != cd['password_confirm']:
            raise forms.ValidationError('Passwords do not match.')
        return cd['password_confirm']

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib.auth import login
from .forms import UserRegistrationForm

def register(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = UserRegistrationForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            user = form.save(commit=False)
            user.set_password(form.cleaned_data['password'])
            user.save()
            login(request, user)  # 自动登录新注册用户
            return redirect('home')
    else:
        form = UserRegistrationForm()
    return render(request, 'registration/register.html', {'form': form})

pythonCopy codeif request.user.has_perm('app_name.change_article'):
    # 用户可以编辑文章

pythonCopy codeif request.user.groups.filter(name='Editors').exists():
    # 用户属于编辑组

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

@login_required
def my_view(request):
    # ...

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib.auth.decorators import permission_required

@permission_required('app_name.change_article')
def edit_article(request, pk):
    # ...

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin
from django.views.generic import TemplateView

class MyView(LoginRequiredMixin, TemplateView):
    template_name = 'my_view.html'

pythonCopy code# settings.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),]

htmlCopy code{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
    <img src="{% static 'images/logo.png' %}" alt="Logo">
    <script src="{% static 'js/main.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>

pythonCopy code# settings.py
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')

pythonCopy codefrom django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
    # ... 其他 URL 配置 ...
]

if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

htmlCopy code<img src="{{ object.image.url }}" alt="User uploaded image">

bashCopy codeserver {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    root /path/to/your/project;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }

    location /static/ {
        alias /path/to/your/static/files/;
    }

    location /media/ {
        alias /path/to/your/media/files/;
    }
}

Copy codepython manage.py collectstatic

pythonCopy codeCACHES = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
        'LOCATION': 'unique-snowflake',
    }
}

Copy codepip install djangorestframework

pythonCopy codefrom rest_framework import serializers
from .models import MyModel

class MyModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = MyModel
        fields = '__all__'  # 使用模型的所有字段

pythonCopy codefrom rest_framework import generics
from .models import MyModel
from .serializers import MyModelSerializer

class MyModelListCreateView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = MyModel.objects.all()
    serializer_class = MyModelSerializer

class MyModelRetrieveUpdateDestroyView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = MyModel.objects.all()
    serializer_class = MyModelSerializer

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from .views import MyModelListCreateView, MyModelRetrieveUpdateDestroyView

urlpatterns = [
    path('mymodel/', MyModelListCreateView.as_view(), name='mymodel_list_create'),
    path('mymodel/<int:pk>/', MyModelRetrieveUpdateDestroyView.as_view(), name='mymodel_retrieve_update_destroy'),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/', include('myapp.urls')),
]

Copy codepip install djangorestframework_simplejwt

pythonCopy codeREST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework_simplejwt.authentication.JWTAuthentication',
    ],
}

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework_simplejwt.views import (
    TokenObtainPairView,
    TokenRefreshView,
)

urlpatterns = [
    # ... 其他 URL 配置 ...
    path('api/token/', TokenObtainPairView.as_view(), name='token_obtain_pair'),
    path('api/token/refresh/', TokenRefreshView.as_view(), name='token_refresh'),
]

pythonCopy codefrom rest_framework import generics, permissions
from .models import MyModel
from .serializers import MyModelSerializer

class MyModelListCreateView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = MyModel.objects.all()
    serializer_class = MyModelSerializer
    permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticated]  # 设置权限

nginxCopy codeserver {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /path/to/ssl_certificate.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/ssl_certificate.key;

    # ... 其他 Nginx 配置 ...
}

cssCopy codepython manage.py migrate --settings=myproject.settings_production

Copy codepip install -r requirements.txt

bashCopy codedjango-admin startproject myblog
cd myblog
python manage.py startapp blog

pythonCopy codefrom django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    content = models.TextField()
    publication_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Comment(models.Model):
    content = models.TextField()
    publication_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    commenter = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    article = models.ForeignKey(Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.commenter.username} - {self.article.title}"

Copy codepython manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib import admin
from .models import Article, Comment

admin.site.register(Article)
admin.site.register(Comment)

pythonCopy codefrom django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from .models import Article

def article_list(request):
    articles = Article.objects.all().order_by('-publication_date')
    return render(request, 'blog/article_list.html', {'articles': articles})

def article_detail(request, article_id):
    article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=article_id)
    return render(request, 'blog/article_detail.html', {'article': article})

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('articles/', views.article_list, name='article_list'),
    path('articles/<int:article_id>/', views.article_detail, name='article_detail'),
]

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include('blog.urls')),
]

htmlCopy code{% for article in articles %}
  <h2><a href="{% url 'article_detail' article.id %}">{{ article.title }}</a></h2>
  <p>{{ article.content|truncatewords:30 }}</p>
  <p>{{ article.publication_date }}</p>
{% endfor %}

htmlCopy code<h1>{{ article.title }}</h1>
<p>{{ article.content }}</p>
<p>{{ article.publication_date }}</p>

pythonCopy codefrom django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from django.contrib.auth import login
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

def register(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = UserCreationForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            user = form.save()
            login(request, user)
            return redirect('article_list')
    else:
        form = UserCreationForm()
    return render(request, 'blog/register.html', {'form': form})

pythonCopy codefrom django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    # ...其他 URL 配置...
    path('register/', views.register, name='register'),
]

htmlCopy code{% if form.errors %}
  <ul>
    {% for error in form.errors.values %}
      <li>{{ error|first }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>
{% endif %}

<form method="post">
  {% csrf_token %}
  {{ form.as_p }}
  <button type="submit">注册</button>
</form>

Django入门（中文版）

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Angular Rest API access tutorial

Angular Rest API アクセスのチュートリアル

Angular セキュリティと認定のチュートリアル

Angular security and authentication tutorials

Angular development and testing tutorials

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