{"id":800,"date":"2023-04-11T20:35:19","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T11:35:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edu.ujhb.org\/?p=800"},"modified":"2023-04-12T20:24:51","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T11:24:51","slug":"graphql%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%ad%e6%96%87%e7%89%88%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.ujhb.org\/?p=800","title":{"rendered":"GraphQL\u5165\u95e8\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u6211\u662f\u8981\u505aIT\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5426\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u5b89\u6392\u89c6\u9891\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4eceGraghQL\u6559\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f60\u5148\u4e3a\u6211\u5217\u51fa\u8981\u8bb2\u89e3\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u89c8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\uff01\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684GraphQL\u89c6\u9891\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u5927\u7eb2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GraphQL\u7b80\u4ecb<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fGraphQL\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GraphQL\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4f18\u70b9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GraphQL\u4e0eRESTful API\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>GraphQL\u57fa\u7840<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff1aSchema\u3001Query\u3001Mutation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GraphQL\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li>\u5728Node.js\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Node.js\u548cExpress.js\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GraphQL\u7684JavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1agraphql.js\u548cexpress-graphql<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u521b\u5efaGraphQL schema\u548cresolvers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728Express.js\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6eGraphQL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li>\u5728React\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>React\u548cApollo\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728React\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Apollo Client\u6765\u67e5\u8be2GraphQL API<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528React Hooks\u548cGraphQL\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\">\n<li>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e3b\u9898<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GraphQL\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GraphQL\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u6280\u5de7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u5927\u7eb2\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u6559\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u60a8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u89c2\u4f17\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u7eb2\u80fd\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u542f\u53d1\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fGraphQL\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8eAPI\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531Facebook\u57282012\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5185\u90e8\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c2015\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2018\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3aLinux\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0e\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u4f20\u7edfREST 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdGraphQL\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4f18\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52302012\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6Facebook\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5176\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684API\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u591a\u4e2a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u70b9\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0cFacebook\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684API\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aGraphQL\u3002GraphQL\u4e8e2015\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2018\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3aLinux\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol 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API\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u66b4\u9732\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002GraphQL\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f13\u5b58\uff1a\u7531\u4e8eRESTful API\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u66b4\u9732\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u7f13\u5b58\u54cd\u5e94\u3002GraphQL\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u4f7f\u7f13\u5b58\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eRESTful API\u7684ETag\u6216Last-Modified\u5934\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff1aRESTful API\u66b4\u9732\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u9759\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u592a\u9002\u5408\u66f4\u6539\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u6570\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002GraphQL\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1aRESTful API\u662fWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684API\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u652f\u6301RESTful API\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u3002GraphQL\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5GraphQL API\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cGraphQL\u548cRESTful API\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002RESTful API\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u3002GraphQL\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236\u6027\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cdAPI\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e94\u8be5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun 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Buffers\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5305\u62ecJava\u3001C++\u3001Go\u7b49\u3002GraphQL\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684HTTP\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301JSON\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u652f\u6301HTTP\u548cJSON\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8be5\u54cd\u5e94\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728gRPC\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u65b9\u6cd5\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cGraphQL\u548cgRPC\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002gRPC\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002GraphQL\u5219\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cdAPI\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e94\u8be5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdGraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff1aSchema<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662fSchema\u3002Schema\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86GraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u53d8\u66f4\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002Schema\u662fGraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0cSchema\u7531\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6307\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6307\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6307\u5177\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schema\u8fd8\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u53d8\u66f4\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u3002\u8ba2\u9605\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schema\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdGraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff1aQuery<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662fQuery\u3002Query\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528Query\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002Query\u7531\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u6216\u5d4c\u5957\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002GraphQL\u4e2d\u7684Query\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Query\u662fGraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Query\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4f20\u7edfRESTful API\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u4e0d\u8db3\u8bf7\u6c42\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u4e2d\u7684Query\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Query\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7b5b\u9009\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e5\u671f\u8303\u56f4\u6216\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0cQuery\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u89e3\u6790Query\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5b83\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6240\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eQuery\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cGraphQL\u4e2d\u7684Query\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Query\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002Query\u662fGraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7fGraphQL\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdGraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff1aMutation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662fMutation\u3002Mutation\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u53d8\u66f4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0cMutation\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002Mutation\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b\u3002Mutation\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u540d\u79f0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5c06\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mutation\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eQuery\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aMutation\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u89e3\u6790\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Mutation\u7684\u6267\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679cMutation\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679cMutation\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mutation\u662fGraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f7f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u80fd\u591f\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u53d8\u66f4\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Mutation\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u3002Mutation\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53d1\u9001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u6216\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cMutation\u662fGraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6267\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u53d8\u66f4\u6570\u636e\u3002Mutation\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eQuery\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002Mutation\u4f7f\u5f97GraphQL\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdGraphQL\u7684SDL\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u7684SDL\uff08Schema Definition Language\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL schema\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6765\u6784\u5efaGraphQL schema\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0cSDL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49schema\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002SDL\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4fee\u6539GraphQL schema\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684GraphQL schema\u7684SDL\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">bashCopy code<code>type Query {\n  book(id: ID!): Book\n}\n\ntype Book {\n  id: ID!\n  title: String\n  author: Author\n}\n\ntype Author {\n  id: ID!\n  name: String\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\uff1aQuery\u3001Book\u548cAuthor\u3002Query\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2abook\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2aid\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aBook\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Book\u548cAuthor\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86book\u548cauthor\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cBook\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u542bid\u3001title\u548cauthor\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u800cAuthor\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u542bid\u548cname\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SDL\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2aGraphQL schema\uff0c\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f7f\u7528SDL\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u66f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6GraphQL schema\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cGraphQL\u7684SDL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL schema\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4fee\u6539GraphQL schema\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u5e93\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u66f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SDL\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684GraphQL schema\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u7ed9\u51faMutation\u7684\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Mutation\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728GraphQL schema\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">typescriptCopy code<code>type Mutation {\n  createUser(input: CreateUserInput!): User!\n}\n\ninput CreateUserInput {\n  name: String!\n  email: String!\n}\n\ntype User {\n  id: ID!\n  name: String!\n  email: String!\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aMutation\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3acreateUser\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002createUser\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ainput\u7684CreateUserInput\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aUser\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CreateUserInput\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5fc5\u9700\u7684name\u548cemail\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2acreateUser\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684User\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u7684Mutation\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cssCopy code<code>mutation {\n  createUser(input: { name: \"John Doe\", email: \"johndoe@example.com\" }) {\n    id\n    name\n    email\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Mutation\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aJohn Doe\u7684\u65b0\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a<a href=\"mailto:johndoe@example.com\">johndoe@example.com<\/a>\u3002\u5728Mutation\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684id\u3001name\u548cemail\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mutation\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5728GraphQL schema\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Mutation\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684GraphQL schema\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91caGraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u800c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u662fGraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u662fGraphQL\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u5d4c\u5957\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u5173\u8054\u6570\u636e\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u679a\u4e3e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>query {\n  book(id: \"1\") {\n    title\n    author {\n      name\n    }\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u83b7\u53d6id\u4e3a1\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u6807\u9898\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528book\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06id\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1\u3002\u5728\u4e66\u7c4d\u5b57\u6bb5\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5957\u5b57\u6bb5author\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u4f1a\u83b7\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5206\u9875\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdGraphQL\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662fGraphQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86GraphQL API\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7531\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86GraphQL schema\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ec\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL schema\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002GraphQL\u652f\u6301\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00\uff1aSDL\uff08Schema Definition Language\uff09\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u3002SDL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL schema\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982JavaScript\u3001Java\u3001Python\u7b49\uff09\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5e93\u6216\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aSDL\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">bashCopy code<code>type Book {\n  id: ID!\n  title: String!\n  author: Author!\n}\n\ntype Author {\n  id: ID!\n  name: String!\n  books: [Book]!\n}\n\ntype Query {\n  book(id: ID!): Book\n  author(id: ID!): Author\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1aBook\u3001Author\u548cQuery\u3002Book\u548cAuthor\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Query\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u662fGraphQL schema\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86GraphQL API\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684GraphQL schema\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684API\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91caNode.js\u548cExpress.js\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Node.js\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8eChrome V8 JavaScript\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u3001\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002Node.js\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7f16\u5199JavaScript\u4ee3\u7801\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u5f97JavaScript\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5168\u6808\u5f00\u53d1\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Express.js\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eNode.js\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5f00\u6e90Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u53d1\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Node.js\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002Express.js\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684API\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Web\u5f00\u53d1\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528Node.js\u548cExpress.js\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982RESTful API\u3001\u5355\u9875\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5904\u7406\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eNode.js\u548cExpress.js\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u548c\u540e\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91caGraphQL\u7684JavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1agraphql.js\u548cexpress-graphql<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u7684JavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662fgraphql.js\u548cexpress-graphql\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>graphql.js\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eafJavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684GraphQL\u5f15\u64ce\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4API\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u6267\u884cGraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL schema\u3001\u89e3\u6790GraphQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7b49\u3002graphql.js\u652f\u6301\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548cNode.js\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u96c6\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8egraphql.js\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u5e93\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>express-graphql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eExpress.js\u6846\u67b6\u7684GraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aGraphQL HTTP\u7aef\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u53d1\u9001GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3002express-graphql\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u6790GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86GraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efaGraphQL schema\u3001\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Web\u5f00\u53d1\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528graphql.js\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684GraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u4e2d\u3002\u4f7f\u7528express-graphql\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684GraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u8f7b\u677e\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u7ed9\u51faGraphQL\u7684JavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528graphql.js\u5b9e\u73b0GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>const { graphql, buildSchema } = require('graphql');\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL schema\nconst schema = buildSchema(`\n  type Query {\n    hello: String\n  }\n`);\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u67e5\u8be2\u5904\u7406\u5668\nconst root = {\n  hello: () =&gt; 'Hello, GraphQL!',\n};\n\n\/\/ \u6267\u884cGraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\ngraphql(schema, '{ hello }', root).then((response) =&gt; {\n  console.log(response);\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528graphql.js\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aGraphQL schema\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\u578bQuery\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u6bb5hello\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5904\u7406\u5668root\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86hello\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528graphql.js\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u4e86hello\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528express-graphql\u5b9e\u73b0GraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>const express = require('express');\nconst { graphqlHTTP } = require('express-graphql');\nconst { buildSchema } = require('graphql');\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL schema\nconst schema = buildSchema(`\n  type Query {\n    hello: String\n  }\n`);\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u67e5\u8be2\u5904\u7406\u5668\nconst root = {\n  hello: () =&gt; 'Hello, GraphQL!',\n};\n\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efaExpress.js\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\nconst app = express();\n\n\/\/ \u5c06GraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3aExpress.js\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\napp.use('\/graphql', graphqlHTTP({\n  schema: schema,\n  rootValue: root,\n  graphiql: true, \/\/ \u542f\u7528GraphQL IDE\n}));\n\n\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\napp.listen(3000, () =&gt; {\n  console.log('Server started on port 3000');\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528express-graphql\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aGraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3aExpress.js\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aGraphQL schema\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u542f\u7528\u4e86GraphQL IDE\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u76d1\u542c3000\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efaGraphQL schema\u548cresolvers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0cSchema\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cResolver\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efaGraphQL schema\u548cresolvers\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u521b\u5efaGraphQL Schema<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u5f15\u5165 <code>graphql<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 <code>buildSchema()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL schema\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>const { buildSchema } = require('graphql');\n\nconst schema = buildSchema(`\n  type Query {\n    book(id: ID!): Book\n  }\n\n  type Book {\n    id: ID!\n    title: String!\n    author: String!\n  }\n`);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a <code>Book<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a <code>Query<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u3002<code>Query<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a <code>book<\/code> \u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a <code>ID<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570 <code>id<\/code>\u3002<code>Book<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684 <code>id<\/code>\u3001<code>title<\/code> \u548c <code>author<\/code> \u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u521b\u5efaGraphQL Resolvers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86GraphQL schema\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199GraphQL resolvers\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0cresolver\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aGraphQL\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2aresolver\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7resolver\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740schema\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49 <code>book<\/code> \u67e5\u8be2\u7684resolver\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>const books = [\n  { id: '1', title: 'The Hobbit', author: 'J. R. R. Tolkien' },\n  { id: '2', title: 'Harry Potter and the Philosopher\\'s Stone', author: 'J. K. Rowling' }\n];\n\nconst resolvers = {\n  Query: {\n    book: (parent, { id }) =&gt; {\n      return books.find(book =&gt; book.id === id);\n    }\n  }\n};\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a <code>books<\/code> \u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aresolver\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>book<\/code> \u67e5\u8be2\u7684resolver\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a <code>id<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece <code>books<\/code> \u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4e0e\u8be5 <code>id<\/code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 <code>resolvers<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e <code>schema<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u521b\u5efaGraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>const { graphql, buildSchema } = require('graphql');\n\nconst schema = buildSchema(`\n  type Query {\n    book(id: ID!): Book\n  }\n\n  type Book {\n    id: ID!\n    title: String!\n    author: String!\n  }\n`);\n\nconst books = [\n  { id: '1', title: 'The Hobbit', author: 'J. R. R. Tolkien' },\n  { id: '2', title: 'Harry Potter and the Philosopher\\'s Stone', author: 'J. K. Rowling' }\n];\n\nconst resolvers = {\n  Query: {\n    book: (parent, { id }) =&gt; {\n      return books.find(book =&gt; book.id === id);\n    }\n  }\n};\n\nconst query = `\n  query {\n    book(id: \"1\") {\n      id\n      title\n      author\n    }\n  }\n`;\n\ngraphql(schema, query, resolvers).then((result) =&gt; {\n  console.log(result);\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2id\u4e3a1\u7684\u4e66<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728Express.js\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6eGraphQL<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728Express.js\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6eGraphQL\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b98\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684express-graphql\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u3002\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5express-graphql\u548cgraphql\u4e24\u4e2anpm\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Copy code<code>npm install express-graphql graphql\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u5728Express.js\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>const express = require('express');\nconst graphqlHTTP = require('express-graphql');\nconst { buildSchema } = require('graphql');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528buildSchema\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efaGraphQL schema\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>const schema = buildSchema(`\n  type Query {\n    hello: String\n  }\n`);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2aschema\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ahello\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>const root = {\n  hello: () =&gt; 'Hello world!',\n};\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ahello\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u201cHello world\uff01\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06GraphQL\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230Express\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>const app = express();\n\napp.use('\/graphql', graphqlHTTP({\n  schema: schema,\n  rootValue: root,\n  graphiql: true,\n}));\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002schema\u53c2\u6570\u662fGraphQL schema\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0crootValue\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002graphiql\u53c2\u6570\u542f\u7528GraphiQL\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5411Express\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u67e5\u8be2GraphQL API\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">bashCopy code<code>POST \/graphql HTTP\/1.1\nContent-Type: application\/json\n\n{\n  \"query\": \"{ hello }\"\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u201cHello world\uff01\u201d\u7684JSON\u54cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">jsonCopy code<code>{\n  \"data\": {\n    \"hello\": \"Hello world!\"\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5728Express.js\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6eGraphQL\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91caReact\u548cApollo\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>React\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aJavaScript\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002\u5b83\u7531Facebook\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u5355\u9875\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002React\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62dfDOM\u6280\u672f\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5316\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efaGraphQL\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u7684GraphQL\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Apollo\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u51faGraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u672c\u5730\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>React\u548cApollo\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u7684GraphQL\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002React\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5448\u73b0\u4eceApollo\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002Apollo\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528React\u548cApollo\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684GraphQL\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728React\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Apollo Client\u6765\u67e5\u8be2GraphQL API<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528Apollo Client\u5728React\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2GraphQL API\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5Apollo Client<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Apollo Client\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7npm\u6216yarn\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">bashCopy code<code>npm install @apollo\/client\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sqlCopy code<code>yarn add @apollo\/client\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>\u521b\u5efaApollo Client\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728React\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6839\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u521b\u5efaApollo Client\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>ApolloClient<\/code>\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache } from '@apollo\/client';\n\nconst client = new ApolloClient({\n  uri: 'https:\/\/mygraphqlapi.com\/graphql',\n  cache: new InMemoryCache()\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u5b9aGraphQL API\u7684URL\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li>\u67e5\u8be2GraphQL\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>useQuery<\/code>\u94a9\u5b50\u6765\u67e5\u8be2GraphQL\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728React\u51fd\u6570\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>import { useQuery, gql } from '@apollo\/client';\n\nconst MY_QUERY = gql`\n  query {\n    books {\n      id\n      title\n    }\n  }\n`;\n\nfunction MyComponent() {\n  const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(MY_QUERY);\n\n  if (loading) return &lt;p&gt;Loading...&lt;\/p&gt;;\n  if (error) return &lt;p&gt;Error :(&lt;\/p&gt;;\n\n  return (\n    &lt;ul&gt;\n      {data.books.map(book =&gt; (\n        &lt;li key={book.id}&gt;{book.title}&lt;\/li&gt;\n      ))}\n    &lt;\/ul&gt;\n  );\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528<code>gql<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528<code>useQuery<\/code>\u94a9\u5b50\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li>\u63d0\u4ea4GraphQL Mutation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>useMutation<\/code>\u94a9\u5b50\u6765\u63d0\u4ea4GraphQL Mutation\u3002\u5728React\u51fd\u6570\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>import { useMutation, gql } from '@apollo\/client';\n\nconst ADD_BOOK = gql`\n  mutation AddBook($title: String!, $author: String!) {\n    addBook(title: $title, author: $author) {\n      id\n      title\n      author\n    }\n  }\n`;\n\nfunction AddBookForm() {\n  const [title, setTitle] = useState('');\n  const [author, setAuthor] = useState('');\n\n  const [addBook, { data }] = useMutation(ADD_BOOK);\n\n  const handleSubmit = event =&gt; {\n    event.preventDefault();\n    addBook({ variables: { title, author } });\n  };\n\n  return (\n    &lt;form onSubmit={handleSubmit}&gt;\n      &lt;input\n        type=\"text\"\n        placeholder=\"Title\"\n        value={title}\n        onChange={event =&gt; setTitle(event.target.value)}\n      \/&gt;\n      &lt;input\n        type=\"text\"\n        placeholder=\"Author\"\n        value={author}\n        onChange={event =&gt; setAuthor(event.target.value)}\n      \/&gt;\n      &lt;button type=\"submit\"&gt;Add Book&lt;\/button&gt;\n    &lt;\/form&gt;\n  );\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528<code>gql<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL Mutation\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528<code>useMutation<\/code>\u94a9\u5b50\u6765\u63d0\u4ea4Mutation\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5c06\u6807\u9898\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u56fe\u4e66\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728React\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Apollo Client\u6765\u67e5\u8be2GraphQL API\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4Mutation\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528React Hooks\u548cGraphQL\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528React Hooks\u548cGraphQL\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5305\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5React\u548cGraphQL\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5305\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caApollo Client\u7528\u4e8e\u5728React\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">bashCopy code<code>npm install react graphql apollo-boost @apollo\/react-hooks\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>\u521b\u5efaApollo Client\uff1a\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aApollo Client\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6eGraphQL\u7684API endpoint\uff0c\u5c06Client\u8fde\u63a5\u5230GraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>ApolloClient<\/code>\u548c<code>createHttpLink<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aApollo Client\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">jsCopy code<code>import { ApolloClient } from 'apollo-client';\nimport { createHttpLink } from 'apollo-link-http';\nimport { InMemoryCache } from 'apollo-cache-inmemory';\n\nconst httpLink = createHttpLink({\n  uri: 'http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql',\n});\n\nconst client = new ApolloClient({\n  link: httpLink,\n  cache: new InMemoryCache(),\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li>\u521b\u5efaQuery\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>useQuery<\/code>\u94a9\u5b50\u5728React\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6267\u884cGraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">jsCopy code<code>import { useQuery } from '@apollo\/react-hooks';\nimport gql from 'graphql-tag';\n\nconst GET_POSTS = gql`\n  query {\n    posts {\n      title\n      content\n      author {\n        name\n      }\n    }\n  }\n`;\n\nfunction Posts() {\n  const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_POSTS);\n\n  if (loading) return &lt;p&gt;Loading...&lt;\/p&gt;;\n  if (error) return &lt;p&gt;Error :(&lt;\/p&gt;;\n\n  return (\n    &lt;div&gt;\n      {data.posts.map((post) =&gt; (\n        &lt;div key={post.title}&gt;\n          &lt;h2&gt;{post.title}&lt;\/h2&gt;\n          &lt;p&gt;{post.content}&lt;\/p&gt;\n          &lt;p&gt;By {post.author.name}&lt;\/p&gt;\n        &lt;\/div&gt;\n      ))}\n    &lt;\/div&gt;\n  );\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li>\u521b\u5efaMutation\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>useMutation<\/code>\u94a9\u5b50\u5728React\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6267\u884cGraphQL mutation\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u83b7\u53d6mutation\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">jsCopy code<code>import { useMutation } from '@apollo\/react-hooks';\nimport gql from 'graphql-tag';\n\nconst ADD_POST = gql`\n  mutation AddPost($title: String!, $content: String!, $author: String!) {\n    addPost(title: $title, content: $content, author: $author) {\n      title\n      content\n      author {\n        name\n      }\n    }\n  }\n`;\n\nfunction AddPostForm() {\n  const [addPost, { data }] = useMutation(ADD_POST);\n\n  const handleSubmit = (e) =&gt; {\n    e.preventDefault();\n    const formData = new FormData(e.target);\n    addPost({\n      variables: {\n        title: formData.get('title'),\n        content: formData.get('content'),\n        author: formData.get('author'),\n      },\n    });\n  };\n\n  return (\n    &lt;form onSubmit={handleSubmit}&gt;\n      &lt;input type=\"text\" name=\"title\" placeholder=\"Title\" \/&gt;\n      &lt;textarea name=\"content\" placeholder=\"Content\"&gt;&lt;\/textarea&gt;\n      &lt;input type=\"text\" name=\"author\" placeholder=\"Author\" \/&gt;\n      &lt;button type=\"submit\"&gt;Add Post&lt;\/button&gt;\n    &lt;\/form&gt;\n  );\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\">\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL fragments\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL fragments\u6765\u91cd\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\u3002GraphQL fragments\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u91cd\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">jsCopy code<code>import { useQuery } from '@apollo\/react-hooks';\nimport gql from 'graphql-tag';\n\nconst POST_FRAGMENT = gql`\n  fragment PostFragment on Post {\n    title\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528React Hooks\u548cGraphQL\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2aGraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u8be5\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aGraphQL\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2aGraphQL\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9Apollo Client\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528useQuery Hook\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u5728React\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528useQuery Hook\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8be5Hook\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5982\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u3002useQuery\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u67e5\u8be2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u52a0\u8f7d\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6e32\u67d3\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u5728\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u6e32\u67d3\u6240\u9700\u7684UI\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u6e32\u67d3\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u52a0\u8f7d\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528useMutation Hook\u6765\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528useMutation Hook\u6765\u6267\u884cGraphQL\u53d8\u66f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8be5Hook\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u66f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u53d8\u66f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528Apollo Client\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\uff1aApollo Client\u5177\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Apollo Client\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528React Hooks\u548cGraphQL\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7b80\u5316React\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Apollo Client\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684Hooks\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u548c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u4eceGraphQL API\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91caGraphQL\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728GraphQL\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u6267\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL Playground\uff1aGraphQL Playground\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684GraphQL IDE\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5GraphQL API\u3002\u5728GraphQL Playground\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u53d8\u66f4\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff1a\u5728GraphQL API\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8be5\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u5e76\u964d\u4f4eAPI\u7684\u6545\u969c\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1aGraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528graphql-js\u5305\u4e2d\u7684validate\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u6765\u8c03\u8bd5GraphQL API\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Apollo Server\u4e2d\u7684debug\u53c2\u6570\u542f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528VS Code\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u5728GraphQL API\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-catch\u5757\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u6267\u884c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3API\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b\uff1aGraphQL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GraphQLError\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5904\u7406GraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528UserInputError\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528AuthenticationError\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406GraphQL API\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9e\u65f6\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6e\u8be2\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8eWebSockets\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acbWebSocket\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a8\u9001\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728GraphQL API\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5728GraphQL API\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u8ba2\u9605\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acbWebSocket\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528WebSocket API\u6216\u8005\u7c7b\u4f3cApollo Client\u7684GraphQL\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0eGraphQL API\u7684WebSocket\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53d1\u9001\u8ba2\u9605\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u8ba2\u9605\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ba2\u9605\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8ba2\u9605\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eGraphQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u201csubscription\u201d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5904\u7406\u8ba2\u9605\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7WebSocket\u8fde\u63a5\u5c06\u66f4\u65b0\u63a8\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0UI\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Apollo Client\u5b9e\u73b0GraphQL\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascriptCopy code<code>import React from 'react';\nimport { useSubscription } from '@apollo\/client';\nimport gql from 'graphql-tag';\n\nconst MESSAGE_SUBSCRIPTION = gql`\n  subscription OnMessageAdded {\n    messageAdded {\n      id\n      content\n      createdAt\n    }\n  }\n`;\n\nfunction MessageList() {\n  const { data, loading } = useSubscription(MESSAGE_SUBSCRIPTION);\n\n  if (loading) return &lt;p&gt;Loading...&lt;\/p&gt;;\n\n  return (\n    &lt;div&gt;\n      {data.messageAdded.map((message) =&gt; (\n        &lt;div key={message.id}&gt;\n          &lt;p&gt;{message.content}&lt;\/p&gt;\n          &lt;p&gt;{message.createdAt}&lt;\/p&gt;\n        &lt;\/div&gt;\n      ))}\n    &lt;\/div&gt;\n  );\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aMESSAGE_SUBSCRIPTION\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8ba2\u9605\u4e86\u201cmessageAdded\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528useSubscription Hook\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8ba2\u9605\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u65b0\u6e32\u67d3\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0cGraphQL\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528WebSocket\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u52a0\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&amp;w=64&amp;q=75\" alt=\"gun tei\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91caGraphQL\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u6280\u5de7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u6280\u5de7\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9650\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1aGraphQL \u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5728 schema \u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u5927\u67e5\u8be2\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982 graphql-depth-limit\uff09\u68c0\u67e5\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 DataLoader \u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u67e5\u8be2\uff1aGraphQL \u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 DataLoader \u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u6280\u672f\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Redis 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