![\"gun](\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fa%2FAGNmyxbwVdnTP0E2eBqDrujRQjV-wFP12Thr4vFgysVv5A%3Ds96-c&w=96&q=75\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u3002R\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86if\u8bed\u53e5\u548cswitch\u8bed\u53e5\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001if\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
if\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u3002if\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sqlCopy codeif (condition) {\n # if-true code\n} else {\n # if-false code\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0ccondition\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3aTRUE\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884cif-true\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u6267\u884cif-false\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728if\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0celse\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679celse\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5f53\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3aFALSE\u65f6\uff0cif\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aif\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bashCopy codex <- 10\n\nif (x > 5) {\n print(\"x is greater than 5\")\n} else {\n print(\"x is less than or equal to 5\")\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0fx > 5\u7684\u503c\u4e3aTRUE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884cif-true\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa”x is greater than 5″\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001switch\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
switch\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u3002switch\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
arduinoCopy codeswitch (expr, case1, case2, ...)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0cexpr\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e2acase\u8bed\u53e5\u3002case1\u3001case2\u7b49\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2acase\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aswitch\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
goCopy codex <- 3\n\nswitch (x,\n \"one\" = {\n print(\"The value is one\")\n },\n \"two\" = {\n print(\"The value is two\")\n },\n \"three\" = {\n print(\"The value is three\")\n }\n)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cfx\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u56e0\u4e3ax\u7684\u503c\u662f3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2acase\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa”The value is three”\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u3002\u638c\u63e1if\u8bed\u53e5\u548cswitch\u8bed\u53e5\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002R\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86for\u5faa\u73af\u3001while\u5faa\u73af\u548crepeat\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001for\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n\n\n\n
for\u5faa\u73af\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002for\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bashCopy codefor (var in seq) {\n # loop body\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0cvar\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf\uff0cseq\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5411\u91cf\u3001\u5217\u8868\u6216\u77e9\u9635\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u53d6seq\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4f53\u3002\u5f53seq\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\u90fd\u88ab\u53d6\u5b8c\u65f6\uff0cfor\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2afor\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cssCopy codefor (i in 1:5) {\n print(i)\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cfi\u4ece1\u52305\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e94\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4f53\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa1\u30012\u30013\u30014\u548c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001while\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n\n\n\n
while\u5faa\u73af\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002while\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
arduinoCopy codewhile (condition) {\n # loop body\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0ccondition\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3aTRUE\u65f6\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u4f53\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3aFALSE\u65f6\uff0cwhile\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2awhile\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cssCopy codei <- 1\n\nwhile (i <= 5) {\n print(i)\n i <- i + 1\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cfi\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e94\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4f53\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa1\u30012\u30013\u30014\u548c5\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0ci\u7684\u503c\u90fd\u4f1a\u52a01\uff0c\u76f4\u5230i\u5927\u4e8e5\u65f6\uff0cwhile\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001repeat\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n\n\n\n
repeat\u5faa\u73af\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u624b\u52a8\u505c\u6b62\u5faa\u73af\u3002repeat\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy coderepeat {\n # loop body\n if (condition) {\n break\n }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0crepeat\u5faa\u73af\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5faa\u73af\u4f53\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u624b\u52a8\u505c\u6b62\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5982\u679ccondition\u7684\u503c\u4e3aTRUE\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884cbreak\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2arepeat\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cssCopy codei <- 1\n\nrepeat {\n print(i)\n i <- i + 1\n if (i > 5) {\n break\n }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cfi\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e94\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4f53\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa1\u30012\u30013\u30014\u548c5\u3002\u5f53i\u5927\u4e8e5\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884cbreak\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u638c\u63e1for\u5faa\u73af\u3001while\u5faa\u73af\u548crepeat\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u521d\u503c\u548c\u6b65\u957f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5faa\u73af\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u5c42\u6570\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5411\u91cf\uff08vector\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u91cf\uff08vector\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u7ec4\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5411\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u56e0\u5b50\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528c()\u51fd\u6570\u3001seq()\u51fd\u6570\u548crep()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u4f7f\u7528c()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u503c\u578b\u5411\u91cf\nx <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528c()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u5411\u91cf\ny <- c(\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528seq()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u503c\u578b\u5411\u91cf\nz <- seq(from = 1, to = 10, by = 2)\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528rep()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u503c\u578b\u5411\u91cf\nw <- rep(1:3, times = 2)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528c()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528seq()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u578b\u5411\u91cf\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528rep()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u91cd\u590d\u82e5\u5e72\u6b21\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e0b\u6807\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u9012\u589e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u8bbf\u95ee\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nx <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\nprint(x[2]) # \u8f93\u51fa2\n\n# \u4fee\u6539\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nx[2] <- 10\nprint(x) # \u8f93\u51fa1 10 3 4 5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[2]\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5411\u91cfx\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[2] <- 10\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a10\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5411\u91cf\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\uff0cR\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\ny <- c(2, 4, 6, 8, 10)\nprint(x + y) # \u8f93\u51fa3 6 9 12 15\n\n# \u5411\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\ny <- c(2, 4, 6, 8, 10)\nprint(x > y) # \u8f93\u51faFALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE\n\n# \u5411\u91cf\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE)\ny <- c(FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE)\nprint(x & y) # \u8f93\u51faFALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7+\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u578b\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u578b\u5411<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u5411\u91cf\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7&\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u5411\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56db\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u957f\u5ea6\uff08length\uff09\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\uff08mode\uff09\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff08attributes\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5411\u91cf\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u5411\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5c5e\u6027\nx <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\nprint(length(x)) # \u8f93\u51fa5\n\n# \u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5c5e\u6027\nx <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\nprint(mode(x)) # \u8f93\u51fanumeric\n\n# \u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5c5e\u6027\nx <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\nnames(x) <- c(\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\nprint(attributes(x)) # \u8f93\u51fanames\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7length()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7mode()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7attributes()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u7ec4\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u77e9\u9635\uff08matrix\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\uff08matrix\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u77e9\u9635\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u56e0\u5b50\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528matrix()\u51fd\u6570\u3001cbind()\u51fd\u6570\u548crbind()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u4f7f\u7528matrix()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u503c\u578b\u77e9\u9635\nx <- matrix(data = 1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528cbind()\u51fd\u6570\u548crbind()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u503c\u578b\u77e9\u9635\nx <- cbind(c(1, 2, 3), c(4, 5, 6), c(7, 8, 9))\ny <- rbind(c(1, 2, 3), c(4, 5, 6), c(7, 8, 9))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528matrix()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u578b\u77e9\u9635\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528cbind()\u51fd\u6570\u548crbind()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e0b\u6807\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u9012\u589e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bashCopy code# \u8bbf\u95ee\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nx <- matrix(data = 1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)\nprint(x[2, 3]) # \u8f93\u51fa6\n\n# \u4fee\u6539\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nx[2, 3] <- 10\nprint(x) # \u8f93\u51fa1 4 7\n # 2 5 10\n # 3 8 9\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[2, 3]\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u77e9\u9635x\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[2, 3] <- 10\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a10\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u77e9\u9635\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\uff0cR\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- matrix(data = 1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)\ny <- matrix(data = 2, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)\nprint(x + y) # \u8f93\u51fa3 6 9\n # 4 7 10\n # 5 8 11\n\n# \u77e9\u9635\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- matrix(data\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
= 1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3) y <- matrix(data = 5, nrow = 3, ncol = 3) print(x > y) # \u8f93\u51faFALSE FALSE FALSE # FALSE FALSE FALSE # FALSE FALSE FALSE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- matrix(data = c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE), nrow = 2, ncol = 3) y <- matrix(data = c(TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), nrow = 2, ncol = 3) print(x & y) # \u8f93\u51faTRUE FALSE FALSE # FALSE TRUE FALSE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7+\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u578b\u77e9\u9635\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u578b\u77e9\u9635\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u77e9\u9635\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7&\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u77e9\u9635\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u77e9\u9635\u3002\n\n\u56db\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\n\n\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u884c\u6570\uff08nrow\uff09\u3001\u5217\u6570\uff08ncol\uff09\u3001\u7ef4\u6570\uff08dim\uff09\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\uff08mode\uff09\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff08attributes\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u77e9\u9635\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5217\u6570\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- matrix(data = 1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3) print(nrow(x)) # \u8f93\u51fa3 print(ncol(x)) # \u8f93\u51fa3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- matrix(data = 1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3) print(dim(x)) # \u8f93\u51fa3 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- matrix(data = 1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3) print(mode(x)) # \u8f93\u51fanumeric<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- matrix(data = 1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3) dimnames(x) <- list(c(“a”, “b”, “c”), c(“x”, “y”, “z”)) print(attributes(x)) # \u8f93\u51fadimnames<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7nrow()\u51fd\u6570\u548cncol()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5217\u6570\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7dim()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7mode()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7attributes()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\n\n\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u884c\u6570\u3001\u5217\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff08array\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\uff08array\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u7ef4\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u56e0\u5b50\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528array()\u51fd\u6570\u3001dim()\u51fd\u6570\u548caperm()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u4f7f\u7528array()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u503c\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\nx <- array(data = 1:24, dim = c(2, 3, 4))\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528dim()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u503c\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\nx <- 1:24\ndim(x) <- c(2, 3, 4)\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528aperm()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u503c\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\nx <- matrix(data = 1:12, nrow = 3, ncol = 4)\nx <- aperm(x, c(3, 1, 2))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528array()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u7ef4\u7684\u6570\u503c\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528dim()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528aperm()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e0b\u6807\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u9012\u589e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
phpCopy code# \u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nx <- array(data = 1:24, dim = c(2, 3, 4))\nprint(x[1, 2, 3]) # \u8f93\u51fa9\n\n# \u4fee\u6539\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nx[1, 2, 3] <- 10\nprint(x[1, 2, 3]) # \u8f93\u51fa10\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[1, 2, 3]\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4x\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[1, 2, 3] <- 10\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a10\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u7ec4\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\uff0cR\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- array(data = 1:24, dim = c(2, 3, 4))\ny <- array(data = 2, dim = c(2, 3, 4))\nprint(x + y) # \u8f93\u51fa3 5 7 9\n # 4 6 8 10\n # 5 7 9 11\n\n# \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- array(data = 1:24, dim = c(2, 3, 4))\ny <- array(data = 5, dim = c(2, 3, 4))\nprint(x > y) # \u8f93\u51faFALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE\n # FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE\n # FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE\n\n# \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- array\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(data = c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE), dim = c(2, 3, 2)) y <- array(data = c(TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), dim = c(2, 3, 2)) print(x & y) # \u8f93\u51faTRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE # FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7+\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7&\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\n\n\u56db\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\n\n\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u7ef4\u6570\uff08dim\uff09\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\uff08mode\uff09\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff08attributes\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- array(data = 1:24, dim = c(2, 3, 4)) print(dim(x)) # \u8f93\u51fa2 3 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- array(data = 1:24, dim = c(2, 3, 4)) print(mode(x)) # \u8f93\u51fanumeric<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- array(data = 1:24, dim = c(2, 3, 4)) dimnames(x) <- list(c(“a”, “b”), c(“x”, “y”, “z”), c(“m”, “n”, “p”, “q”)) print(attributes(x)) # \u8f93\u51fadimnames<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7dim()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7mode()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7attributes()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\n\n\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u7ef4\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff08list\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5217\u8868\uff08list\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6846\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5217\u8868\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u8868\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528list()\u51fd\u6570\u3001unlist()\u51fd\u6570\u548cas.list()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u4f7f\u7528list()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5217\u8868\nx <- list(1, \"hello\", TRUE, c(1, 2, 3))\ny <- list(matrix(data = 1:4, nrow = 2, ncol = 2), data.frame(x = 1:3, y = 4:6))\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528unlist()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5217\u8868\nx <- list(1, \"hello\", TRUE, c(1, 2, 3))\ny <- unlist(x, recursive = FALSE)\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528as.list()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5217\u8868\nx <- c(1, \"hello\", TRUE, c(1, 2, 3))\ny <- as.list(x)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528list()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u56db\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528unlist()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7recursive\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u9012\u5f52\u5c55\u5f00\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528as.list()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e0b\u6807\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u9012\u589e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
luaCopy code# \u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nx <- list(1, \"hello\", TRUE, c(1, 2, 3))\nprint(x[[2]]) # \u8f93\u51fahello\n\n# \u4fee\u6539\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nx[[2]] <- \"world\"\nprint(x[[2]]) # \u8f93\u51faworld\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[[2]]\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868x\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[[2]] <- “world”\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a”world”\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u8868\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\uff0cR\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u5217\u8868\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- list(a = 1:3, b = 4:6)\ny <- list(a = 2:4, b = 5:7)\nprint(x + y) # \u8f93\u51fa$a 1 3 5\n # $b 9 11 13\n\n# \u5217\u8868\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- list(a = 1:3, b = 4:6)\ny <- list(a = 2:4, b = 5:7)\nprint(x > y) # \u8f93\u51fa$a FALSE FALSE FALSE\n # $b FALSE FALSE FALSE\n\n# \u5217\u8868\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- list(a = c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE), b = c(FALSE, TRUE, FALSE))\ny <- list(a = c(TRUE, TRUE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
, FALSE), b = c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)) print(x & y) # \u8f93\u51fa$a TRUE FALSE FALSE # $b FALSE FALSE FALSE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7+\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u5217\u8868\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7&\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002\n\n\u56db\u3001\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\n\n\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u957f\u5ea6\uff08length\uff09\u3001\u540d\u79f0\uff08names\uff09\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff08attributes\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5217\u8868\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5217\u8868\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- list(a = 1:3, b = 4:6) print(length(x)) # \u8f93\u51fa2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u8868\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- list(a = 1:3, b = 4:6) print(names(x)) # \u8f93\u51fa”a” “b”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- list(a = 1:3, b = 4:6) names(x) <- c(“first”, “second”) print(attributes(x)) # \u8f93\u51fanames<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7length()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7names()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7attributes()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\n\n\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6846\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5217\u8868\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff08data frame\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff08data frame\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u683c\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u503c\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u56e0\u5b50\u7b49\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6846\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u5165\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528data.frame()\u51fd\u6570\u3001read.table()\u51fd\u6570\u548cread.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
luaCopy code# \u4f7f\u7528data.frame()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u6846\nx <- data.frame(name = c(\"John\", \"Tom\", \"Jack\"), age = c(25, 30, 35), sex = c(\"male\", \"male\", \"female\"))\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528read.table()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u6846\nx <- read.table(\"data.txt\", header = TRUE, sep = \"\\t\")\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u6846\nx <- read.csv(\"data.csv\", header = TRUE)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528data.frame()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u5217\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528read.table()\u51fd\u6570\u548cread.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6846\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u540d\u548c\u5217\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bashCopy code# \u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nx <- data.frame(name = c(\"John\", \"Tom\", \"Jack\"), age = c(25, 30, 35), sex = c(\"male\", \"male\", \"female\"))\nprint(x[1, 2]) # \u8f93\u51fa25\nprint(x[\"Tom\", \"sex\"]) # \u8f93\u51famale\n\n# \u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nx[1, 2] <- 26\nprint(x[1, 2]) # \u8f93\u51fa26\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[1, 2]\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u6846x\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[“Tom”, “sex”]\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u6846x\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u4e3aTom\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684sex\u5217\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7x[1, 2] <- 26\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u6846\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\uff0cR\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6846\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lessCopy code# \u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\nx <- data.frame(name = c(\"John\", \"Tom\", \"Jack\"), age = c(25, 30, 35), sex = c(\"male\", \"male\", \"female\"))\ny <- data.frame(name = c(\"Mike\", \"Jerry\", \"Alice\"), age = c(20, 28, 40), sex = c(\"male\", \"male\", \"female\"))\nprint(x + y) # \u8f93\u51faname age sex\n # 1 JohnMike 45 \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
male # 2 TomJerry 58 male # 3 JackAlice 75 female<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- data.frame(name = c(“John”, “Tom”, “Jack”), age = c(25, 30, 35), sex = c(“male”, “male”, “female”)) y <- data.frame(name = c(“Mike”, “Jerry”, “Alice”), age = c(20, 28, 40), sex = c(“male”, “male”, “female”)) print(x > y) # \u8f93\u51fa name age sex # 1 FALSE TRUE FALSE # 2 TRUE TRUE FALSE # 3 TRUE TRUE FALSE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- data.frame(name = c(“John”, “Tom”, “Jack”), age = c(25, 30, 35), sex = c(“male”, “male”, “female”)) y <- data.frame(name = c(“Mike”, “Jerry”, “Alice”), age = c(20, 28, 40), sex = c(“male”, “male”, “female”)) print(x$age > 30 & y$age > 30) # \u8f93\u51faFALSE FALSE TRUE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7+\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6846\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6846\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7&\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u578b\u5411\u91cf\u3002\n\n\u56db\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\n\n\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u5217\u540d\uff08colnames\uff09\u3001\u884c\u540d\uff08rownames\uff09\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff08attributes\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6846\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u5217\u540d\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- data.frame(name = c(“John”, “Tom”, “Jack”), age = c(25, 30, 35), sex = c(“male”, “male”, “female”)) print(colnames(x)) # \u8f93\u51fa”name” “age” “sex”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u884c\u540d\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- data.frame(name = c(“John”, “Tom”, “Jack”), age = c(25, 30, 35), sex = c(“male”, “male”, “female”)) rownames(x) <- c(“a”, “b”, “c”) print(rownames(x)) # \u8f93\u51fa”a” “b” “c”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
x <- data.frame(name = c(“John”, “Tom”, “Jack”), age = c(25, 30, 35), sex = c(“male”, “male”, “female”)) attr(x, “comment”) <- “This is a data frame” print(attributes(x)) # \u8f93\u51facomment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7colnames()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7rownames()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u884c\u540d\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7attributes()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\n\n\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6846\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u683c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff08built-in functions\uff09\u662f\u6307\u7531R\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6216\u5bfc\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u52a0\u4e0a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\nx <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\ny <- sum(x) # \u8ba1\u7b97x\u7684\u548c\nz <- mean(x) # \u8ba1\u7b97x\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528sum()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5411\u91cfx\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528mean()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5411\u91cfx\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6307\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5bf9\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\uff0c\u5982sin()\u3001cos()\u3001exp()\u3001log()\u3001runif()\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u63cf\u8ff0\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\uff0c\u5982mean()\u3001t.test()\u3001lm()\u3001anova()\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u56fe\u5f62\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u7ed8\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u63a7\u5236\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982plot()\u3001hist()\u3001boxplot()\u3001par()\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u5b57\u7b26\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\uff0c\u5982paste()\u3001gsub()\u3001grep()\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6587\u6863<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7help()\u51fd\u6570\u548c\uff1f\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6587\u6863\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u6587\u6863\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u6587\u6863\nhelp(sum) # \u663e\u793asum()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6587\u6863\n?sum # \u663e\u793asum()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6587\u6863\n\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\nexample(sum) # \u663e\u793asum()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7help()\u51fd\u6570\u6216?\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6587\u6863\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7example()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u662fR\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u6587\u6863\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u7528\u6cd5\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\uff08user-defined functions\uff09\u662f\u6307\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u5199\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528function()\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\nmy_sum <- function(x, y) {\n z <- x + y\n return(z)\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528function()\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amy_sum\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570x\u548cy\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u5c06x\u548cy\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9z\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06z\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u52a0\u4e0a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\na <- 5\nb <- 10\nc <- my_sum(a, b) # \u8c03\u7528my_sum()\u51fd\u6570\nprint(c) # \u8f93\u51fa15\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528my_sum()\u51fd\u6570\u5c06a\u548cb\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9c\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fac\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u503c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\nmy_sum <- function(x, y = 0) { # y\u53c2\u6570\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c0\n z <- x + y\n return(z)\n}\na <- 5\nb <- my_sum(a) # y\u53c2\u6570\u91c7\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c0\nc <- my_sum(a, 10) # y\u53c2\u6570\u91c7\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u503c10\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528my_sum()\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0cy\u53c2\u6570\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4f20\u9012\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56db\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528return()\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\nmy_sum <- function(x, y) {\n if (x > y) {\n return(x)\n } else {\n return(y)\n }\n}\na <- 5\nb <- 10\nc <- my_sum(a, b) # \u8c03\u7528my_sum()\u51fd\u6570\nprint(c) # \u8f93\u51fa10\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528my_sum()\u51fd\u6570\u6bd4\u8f83x\u548cy\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5efa\u6a21\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u547d\u540d\u548c\u6587\u6863\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\uff08recursive function\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u67d0\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u81ea\u8eab\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u6b65\u9aa4\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\nmy_factorial <- function(x) {\n if (x == 1) {\n return(1)\n } else {\n return(x * my_factorial(x-1))\n }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570my_factorial()\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97x\u7684\u9636\u4e58\uff0c\u5f53x\u7b49\u4e8e1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56dex\u4e58\u4ee5x-1\u7684\u9636\u4e58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u52a0\u4e0a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\na <- 5\nb <- my_factorial(a) # \u8c03\u7528my_factorial()\u51fd\u6570\nprint(b) # \u8f93\u51fa120\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528my_factorial()\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97a\u7684\u9636\u4e58\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6b65\u9aa4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u6307\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6b65\u9aa4\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
phpCopy code# \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6b65\u9aa4\nmy_factorial <- function(x) {\n if (x == 1) { # \u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n return(1)\n } else {\n return(x * my_factorial(x-1)) # \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53x\u7b49\u4e8e1\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528my_factorial()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570x-1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56db\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff1b\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u7b49\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee3\u7801\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u907f\u514d\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u7b49\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\uff1b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u7b49\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u907f\u514d\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08Functional Programming\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0FP\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u3001\u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u53d8\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u3001\u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u9ad8\u9636\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u7b49\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\uff08Immutable Data\uff09\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u521b\u5efa\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.\u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff08Pure Function\uff09\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f3a\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4ec5\u7531\u8f93\u5165\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u610f\u5916\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u9ad8\u9636\u51fd\u6570\uff08Higher Order Function\uff09\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f3a\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u53d8\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u6cdb\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u7528\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.\u9012\u5f52\uff08Recursion\uff09\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f3a\u8c03\u9012\u5f52\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982R\u8bed\u8a00\u3001Python\u3001Haskell\u548cClojure\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\n# \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\nx <- c(1, 2, 3) # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\ny <- x[-2] # \u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5411\u91cf\n\n# \u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\nmy_sum <- function(x, y) { # \u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\n z <- x + y\n return(z)\n}\na <- 5\nb <- 10\nc <- my_sum(a, b) # \u8c03\u7528my_sum()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9a\u548cb\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\n\n# \u9ad8\u9636\u51fd\u6570\nmy_sqrt <- function(f, x) { # \u9ad8\u9636\u51fd\u6570\n return(f(x))\n}\na <- 25\nb <- my_sqrt(sqrt, a) # \u8c03\u7528my_sqrt()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c06sqrt()\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\n\n# \u9012\u5f52\nmy_factorial <- function(x) { # \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0 if (x == 1) { return(1) } else { return(x * my_factorial(x-1)) } } a <- 5 b <- my_factorial(a) # \u8c03\u7528my_factorial()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9636\u4e58\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528R\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u3001\u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u9ad8\u9636\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u7b49\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u521b\u5efa\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u5411\u91cf\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u539f\u6570\u5b57\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u9636\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06sqrt()\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u9636\u4e58\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\n\n\u4e09\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\n\n\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b49\u573a\u666f\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9700\u8981\u9002\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u4e60\u60ef\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6743\u8861\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\n\n\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u53d8\u6362\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u9002\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6743\u8861\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u3001Excel\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u3001Excel\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u3001Excel\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CSV\uff08Comma Separated Values\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u6216read.table()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
graphqlCopy code# \u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nmy_data <- read.csv(\"my_file.csv\", header=TRUE, sep=\",\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6\u540d\u4e3a”my_file.csv”\u7684CSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53c2\u6570header\u6307\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53c2\u6570sep\u6307\u793a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9017\u53f7\u3002\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728my_data\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7535\u5b50\u8868\u683c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u548c\u5355\u5143\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5305\uff0c\u5982readxl\u5305\u548copenxlsx\u5305\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bashCopy code# \u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u4f7f\u7528readxl\u5305\nlibrary(readxl)\nmy_data <- read_excel(\"my_file.xlsx\", sheet=\"Sheet1\")\n# \u4f7f\u7528openxlsx\u5305\nlibrary(openxlsx)\nmy_data <- read.xlsx(\"my_file.xlsx\", sheet=\"Sheet1\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528readxl\u5305\u6216openxlsx\u5305\u8bfb\u53d6\u540d\u4e3a”my_file.xlsx”\u7684Excel\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53c2\u6570sheet\u6307\u793a\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9664\u4e86CSV\u548cExcel\u6587\u4ef6\u5916\uff0cR\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u3001XML\u6587\u4ef6\u3001SQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u548cSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nlibrary(jsonlite)\nmy_data <- fromJSON(\"my_file.json\")\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6SQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nlibrary(DBI)\nlibrary(RSQLite)\ncon <- dbConnect(RSQLite::SQLite(), dbname=\"my_db.sqlite\")\nmy_data <- dbGetQuery(con, \"SELECT * FROM my_table\")\ndbDisconnect(con)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528jsonlite\u5305\u8bfb\u53d6\u540d\u4e3a”my_file.json”\u7684JSON\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528DBI\u5305\u548cRSQLite\u5305\u8bfb\u53d6\u540d\u4e3a”my_db.sqlite”\u7684SQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528install.packages()\u51fd\u6570\u548clibrary()\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fde\u63a5SQLite\u548cMySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u8fde\u63a5SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nlibrary(DBI)\nlibrary(RSQLite)\ncon <- dbConnect(RSQLite::SQLite(), dbname=\"my_db.sqlite\")\n\n# \u8fde\u63a5MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nlibrary(RMySQL)\ncon <- dbConnect(MySQL(), user=\"my_user\", password=\"my_password\",\n dbname=\"my_db\", host=\"my_host\", port=3306)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528RSQLite\u5305\u8fde\u63a5\u540d\u4e3a”my_db.sqlite”\u7684SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528RMySQL\u5305\u8fde\u63a5\u540d\u4e3a”my_db”\u7684MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528dbConnect()\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868\u540d\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528dbGetQuery()\u51fd\u6570\u6216dbSendQuery()\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6SQLite\u548cMySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u8bfb\u53d6SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nmy_query <- \"SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE age > 18 ORDER BY id\"\nmy_data <- dbGetQuery(con, my_query)\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nmy_query <- \"SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE age > 18 ORDER BY id\"\nmy_result <- dbSendQuery(con, my_query)\nmy_data <- fetch(my_result, n=-1)\ndbClearResult(my_result)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528dbGetQuery()\u51fd\u6570\u4eceSQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u540d\u4e3a”my_table”\u7684\u8868\u4e2d\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e8e18\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167ID\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528dbSendQuery()\u51fd\u6570\u548cfetch()\u51fd\u6570\u4eceMySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u540d\u4e3a”my_table”\u7684\u8868\u4e2d\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e8e18\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167ID\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528dbClearResult()\u51fd\u6570\u6e05\u9664\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b8c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528dbDisconnect()\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5173\u95edSQLite\u548cMySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u5173\u95edSQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\ndbDisconnect(con)\n\n# \u5173\u95edMySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\ndbDisconnect(con)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528dbDisconnect()\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u95edSQLite\u548cMySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751f\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ORM\uff08Object-Relational Mapping\uff09\u6846\u67b6\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684ORM\u6846\u67b6\u5305\u62ecRODBC\u3001RMySQL\u3001RSQLite\u3001dbplyr\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528RODBC\u6846\u67b6\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u4f7f\u7528RODBC\u6846\u67b6\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nlibrary(RODBC)\ncon <- odbcConnect(\"my_dsn\")\nmy_data <- sqlQuery(con, \"SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE age > 18\")\nodbcClose(con)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528RODBC\u5305\u8fde\u63a5\u540d\u4e3a”my_dsn”\u7684ODBC\u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528sqlQuery()\u51fd\u6570\u4ece\u540d\u4e3a”my_table”\u7684\u8868\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e8e18\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528odbcClose()\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u95edODBC\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u524d\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u540e\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751f\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5728\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u719f\u6089\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u516d\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u9650\u5236\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528LIMIT\u6216TOP\u7b49\u8bed\u6cd5\u9650\u5236\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fd4\u56de\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u952e\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\uff1a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751f\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u591a\u4e2aJOIN\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684WHERE\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u4f7f\u7528\u6279\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4f18\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\uff1a\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u9501\u5b9a\u7b49\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u5bfc\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5230CSV\u3001Excel\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230CSV\u3001Excel\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u5bfc\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5230CSV\u3001Excel\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5bfc\u51faCSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CSV\uff08Comma Separated Values\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\uff0c\u5982write.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u6216write.table()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lessCopy code# \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nmy_data <- data.frame(name=c(\"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Cathy\"),\n age=c(25, 30, 35),\n gender=c(\"F\", \"M\", \"F\"))\nwrite.csv(my_data, \"my_file.csv\", row.names=FALSE)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u540d\u4e3a”my_data”\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230CSV\u6587\u4ef6”my_file.csv”\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528write.csv()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570row.names\u6307\u793a\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u884c\u540d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aTRUE\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5bfc\u51faExcel\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7535\u5b50\u8868\u683c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u548c\u5355\u5143\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5305\uff0c\u5982writexl\u5305\u548copenxlsx\u5305\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lessCopy code# \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u4f7f\u7528writexl\u5305\nlibrary(writexl)\nmy_data <- data.frame(name=c(\"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Cathy\"),\n age=c(25, 30, 35),\n gender=c(\"F\", \"M\", \"F\"))\nwrite_xlsx(my_data, \"my_file.xlsx\")\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528openxlsx\u5305\nlibrary(openxlsx)\nmy_data <- data.frame(name=c(\"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Cathy\"),\n age=c(25, 30, 35),\n gender=c(\"F\", \"M\", \"F\"))\nwrite.xlsx(my_data, \"my_file.xlsx\", row.names=FALSE)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u540d\u4e3a”my_data”\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230Excel\u6587\u4ef6”my_file.xlsx”\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528writexl\u5305\u6216openxlsx\u5305\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5bfc\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9664\u4e86CSV\u548cExcel\u6587\u4ef6\u5916\uff0cR\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5bfc\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u3001XML\u6587\u4ef6\u3001SQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5bfc\u51fa\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bfc\u51faJSON\u6587\u4ef6\u548cSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u5bfc\u51faJSON\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nlibrary(jsonlite)\nmy_data <- data.frame(name=c(\"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Cathy\"),\n age=c(25, 30, 35),\n gender=c(\"F\", \"M\", \"F\"))\nwrite_json(my_data, \"my_file.json\")\n\n# \u5bfc\u51faSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\nlibrary(DBI)\nlibrary(RSQLite)\ncon <- dbConnect(RSQLite::SQLite(), dbname=\"my_db.sqlite\")\nmy_data <- data.frame(name=c(\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u683c<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
dbSendQuery(con, “CREATE TABLE my_table (name VARCHAR(20), age INT, gender VARCHAR(1))”) dbWriteTable(con, “my_table”, my_data, row.names=FALSE) dbDisconnect(con)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
javascriptCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u540d\u4e3a\"my_data\"\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230JSON\u6587\u4ef6\"my_file.json\"\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528jsonlite\u5305\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528RSQLite\u5305\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\n\n\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230CSV\u3001Excel\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5bfc\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u4e0e\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u5904\u7406\u662f\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u5904\u7406\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5982na.omit()\u51fd\u6570\u3001dplyr\u5305\u3001tidyr\u5305\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rCopy code# \u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\nmy_data <- read.csv(\"my_file.csv\")\n\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\nna_count <- sum(is.na(my_data))\nmy_data <- na.omit(my_data)\n\n# \u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\nmy_data <- distinct(my_data)\n\n# \u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\nmy_data <- filter(my_data, age > 0 & age < 100)\n\n# \u8f6c\u6362\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\nmy_data$age <- as.integer(my_data$age)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6”my_file.csv”\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528is.na()\u51fd\u6570\u68c0\u67e5\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528na.omit()\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528distinct()\u51fd\u6570\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528filter()\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528as.integer()\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5e74\u9f84\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53ef\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u3001\u62c6\u5206\u548c\u91cd\u6784\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5982mutate()\u51fd\u6570\u3001gather()\u51fd\u6570\u3001spread()\u51fd\u6570\u3001merge()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
csharpCopy code# \u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\nmy_data <- read.csv(\"my_file.csv\")\n\n# \u8f6c\u6362\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\nlibrary(tidyr)\nmy_data_long <- gather(my_data, key=\"variable\", value=\"value\", -name)\n\n# \u8f6c\u6362\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\nmy_data_wide <- spread(my_data_long, key=\"variable\", value=\"value\")\n\n# \u5408\u5e76\u6570\u636e\nmy_data1 <- data.frame(name=c(\"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Cathy\"),\n age=c(25, 30, 35),\n gender=c(\"F\", \"M\", \"F\"))\nmy_data2 <- data.frame(name=c(\"David\", \"Eva\", \"Frank\"),\n age=c(40, 45, 50),\n gender=c(\"M\", \"F\", \"M\"))\nmy_data_merge <- merge(my_data1, my_data2, by=\"gender\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6”my_file.csv”\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528gather()\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5bbd\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528spread()\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5bbd\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528data.frame()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6846my_data1\u548cmy_data2\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528merge()\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u6027\u522b\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u805a\u5408\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d1e\u5bdf\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5982summarize()\u51fd\u6570\u3001group_by()\u51fd\u6570\u3001aggregate()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\nmy_data <- read.csv(\"my_file.csv\")\n\n# \u7edf\u8ba1\u63cf\u8ff0\nsummary(my_data$age)\nmean(my_data$age)\nmedian(my_data$age)\n\n# \u5206\u7ec4\u7edf\u8ba1\nlibrary(dplyr)\nmy_data_summary <- my_data %>%\n group_by(gender) %>%\n summarize(avg_age=mean(age), max_age=max(age))\n\n# \u805a\u5408\u7edf\u8ba1\nmy_data_aggregate <- aggregate(my_data$age, by=list(gender=my_data$gender), FUN=mean)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6”my_file.csv”\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528summary()\u51fd\u6570\u3001mean()\u51fd\u6570\u548cmedian()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528group_by()\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6309\u6027\u522b\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528summarize()\u51fd\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u6700\u5927\u5e74\u9f84\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528aggregate()\u51fd\u6570\u6309\u6027\u522b\u805a\u5408\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u9f84\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d1e\u5bdf\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u5904\u7406\u662f\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u5904\u7406\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u63cf\u8ff0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7edf\u8ba1\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u6982\u62ec\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8d8b\u52bf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u5f02\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5f62\u6001\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u7edf\u8ba1\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982summary()\u51fd\u6570\u3001mean()\u51fd\u6570\u3001median()\u51fd\u6570\u3001sd()\u51fd\u6570\u3001hist()\u51fd\u6570\u3001qqnorm()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
phpCopy code# \u7edf\u8ba1\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\nmy_data <- read.csv(\"my_file.csv\")\n\n# \u4e2d\u5fc3\u8d8b\u52bf\nmean(my_data$age)\nmedian(my_data$age)\n\n# \u53d8\u5f02\u7a0b\u5ea6\nsd(my_data$age)\nvar(my_data$age)\n\n# \u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\nhist(my_data$age)\nqqnorm(my_data$age)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6”my_file.csv”\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528mean()\u51fd\u6570\u548cmedian()\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u548c\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528sd()\u51fd\u6570\u548cvar()\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u548c\u65b9\u5dee\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528hist()\u51fd\u6570\u548cqqnorm()\u51fd\u6570\u7ed8\u5236\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u548cQQ\u56fe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u6982\u62ec\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u6216\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u5982ggplot2\u5305\u3001lattice\u5305\u3001plotly\u5305\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\nmy_data <- read.csv(\"my_file.csv\")\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\nlibrary(ggplot2)\nggplot(my_data, aes(x=age, y=salary, color=gender)) +\n geom_point()\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u7bb1\u7ebf\u56fe\nlibrary(lattice)\nbwplot(salary ~ gender, data=my_data)\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\nlibrary(plotly)\nplot_ly(z=my_data, type=\"heatmap\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6”my_file.csv”\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2\u5305\u7ed8\u5236\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u85aa\u8d44\u7684\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u8868\u793a\u6027\u522b\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528lattice\u5305\u7ed8\u5236\u6027\u522b\u548c\u85aa\u8d44\u7684\u7bb1\u7ebf\u56fe\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528plotly\u5305\u7ed8\u5236\u6570\u636e\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5982lm()\u51fd\u6570\u3001glm()\u51fd\u6570\u3001kmeans()\u51fd\u6570\u3001pca()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
phpCopy code# \u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\nmy_data <- read.csv(\"my_file.csv\")\n\n# \u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\nlm_model <- lm(salary ~ age + gender, data=my_data)\nsummary(lm_model)\n\n# \u903b\u8f91\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\nlibrary(MASS)\nglm_model <- glm(gender ~ age + salary, family=binomial(), data=my_data)\nsummary(glm_model)\n\n# \u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\nkmeans_model <- kmeans(my_data[,c(\"age\", \"salary\")], centers=3)\nplot(my_data[,c(\"age\", \"salary\")], col=kmeans_model$cluster)\n\n# \u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\npca_model <- prcomp(my_data[,c(\"age\", \"salary\", \"experience\")], center=TRUE, scale=TRUE)\nsummary(pca_model)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6”my_file.csv”\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528lm()\u51fd\u6570\u548cglm()\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528summary()\u51fd\u6570\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528kmeans()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528plot()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u805a\u7c7b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528prcomp()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528summary()\u51fd\u6570\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u7edf\u8ba1\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u6216\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u5982ggplot2\u5305\u3001lattice\u5305\u3001plotly\u5305\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u56fe\u5f62<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u57fa\u7840\u56fe\u5f62\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5c55\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\u3001\u7ebf\u56fe\u3001\u67f1\u72b6\u56fe\u3001\u7bb1\u7ebf\u56fe\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u56fe\u7b49\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u7840\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u5982plot()\u51fd\u6570\u3001hist()\u51fd\u6570\u3001boxplot()\u51fd\u6570\u3001density()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bashCopy code# \u57fa\u7840\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\nmy_data <- read.csv(\"my_file.csv\")\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\nplot(my_data$age, my_data$salary, xlab=\"Age\", ylab=\"Salary\", main=\"Scatterplot of Age and Salary\")\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u7ebf\u56fe\nplot(my_data$year, my_data$revenue, type=\"l\", xlab=\"Year\", ylab=\"Revenue\", main=\"Line Chart of Revenue by Year\")\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u67f1\u72b6\u56fe\nbarplot(table(my_data$gender), xlab=\"Gender\", ylab=\"Frequency\", main=\"Bar Chart of Gender\")\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u7bb1\u7ebf\u56fe\nboxplot(my_data$salary ~ my_data$gender, xlab=\"Gender\", ylab=\"Salary\", main=\"Boxplot of Salary by Gender\")\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u5bc6\u5ea6\u56fe\nlibrary(ggplot2)\nggplot(my_data, aes(x=salary, fill=gender)) +\n geom_density(alpha=0.5)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6”my_file.csv”\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528plot()\u51fd\u6570\u3001hist()\u51fd\u6570\u3001boxplot()\u51fd\u6570\u3001density()\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u5206\u522b\u7ed8\u5236\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u85aa\u8d44\u7684\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\u3001\u5e74\u4efd\u548c\u6536\u5165\u7684\u7ebf\u56fe\u3001\u6027\u522b\u548c\u9891\u6570\u7684\u67f1\u72b6\u56fe\u3001\u6027\u522b\u548c\u85aa\u8d44\u7684\u7bb1\u7ebf\u56fe\u4ee5\u53ca\u85aa\u8d44\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u56fe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u56fe\u5f62<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9ad8\u7ea7\u56fe\u5f62\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5c55\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u591a\u7ef4\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6563\u70b9\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\u3001\u5730\u56fe\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7b49\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u7ea7\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u5982ggplot2\u5305\u3001ggmap\u5305\u3001igraph\u5305\u3001networkD3\u5305\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bashCopy code# \u9ad8\u7ea7\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\nmy_data <- read.csv(\"my_file.csv\")\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u6563\u70b9\u77e9\u9635\nlibrary(GGally)\nggpairs(my_data[,c(\"age\", \"salary\", \"experience\")])\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\nlibrary(ggplot2)\nggplot(my_data,\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
aes(x=year, y=quarter, fill=revenue)) + geom_tile() + scale_fill_gradient(low=”white”, high=”blue”) + labs(title=”Heatmap of Revenue by Year and Quarter”, x=”Year”, y=”Quarter”)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u5730\u56fe<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
library(ggmap) map <- get_map(location=”New York City”, zoom=13, maptype=”roadmap”) ggmap(map) + geom_point(data=my_data, aes(x=longitude, y=latitude, color=gender), alpha=0.5) + scale_color_manual(values=c(“red”, “blue”))<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
library(igraph) my_graph <- graph_from_data_frame(my_data[,c(“source”, “target”)]) plot(my_graph, vertex.label=V(my_graph)$name, edge.width=E(my_graph)$weight)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
arduinoCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528read.csv()\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6\"my_file.csv\"\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528GGally\u5305\u7ed8\u5236\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u85aa\u8d44\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u6563\u70b9\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2\u5305\u7ed8\u5236\u5e74\u4efd\u548c\u5b63\u5ea6\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ggmap\u5305\u7ed8\u5236\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u8868\u793a\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528igraph\u5305\u7ed8\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u5168\u9762\u548c\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u591a\u7ef4\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\n\n\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u73af\u8282\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u7840\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u56fe\u5f62\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u5b9e\u6218\u9879\u76ee\u6848\u4f8b\u7535\u5546\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7535\u5546\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u589e\u957f\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e1a\u52a1\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u7535\u5546\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5982tidyverse\u5305\u3001ggplot2\u5305\u3001dplyr\u5305\u3001tidyr\u5305\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6218\u9879\u76ee\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u7535\u5546\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7API\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u722c\u866b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528CSV\u6587\u4ef6”sales_data.csv”\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u62ec\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u5355\u4ef7\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5171\u670910000\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a5\u7740\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53bb\u9664\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3001\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u5982\u9500\u552e\u989d\u3001\u5229\u6da6\u7b49\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
perlCopy code# \u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\nsales_data <- read.csv(\"sales_data.csv\")\n\n# \u53bb\u9664\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u503c\nsales_data <- na.omit(sales_data)\nsales_data <- sales_data[sales_data$quantity > 0 & sales_data$unit_price > 0, ]\nsales_data <- unique(sales_data)\n\n# \u5904\u7406\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\nsales_data$date <- as.Date(sales_data$date, \"%Y-%m-%d\")\nsales_data$product_category <- factor(sales_data$product_category)\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\nsales_data$total_sales <- sales_data$quantity * sales_data$unit_price\nsales_data$total_profit <- sales_data$total_sales - sales_data$cost\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4e09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a5\u7740\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u7840\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u56fe\u5f62\u5c55\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5982\u4ea7\u54c1\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8b\u52bf\u3001\u5730\u57df\u5206\u5e03\u7b49\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code# \u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6269\u5c55\u5305\nlibrary(tidyverse)\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u4ea7\u54c1\u5206\u7c7b\u67f1\u72b6\u56fe\nggplot(sales_data, aes(x=product_category)) +\n geom_bar() +\n labs(title=\"Product Sales by Category\", x=\"Product Category\", y=\"Sales\")\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u6708\u5ea6\u9500\u552e\u8d8b\u52bf\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe\nsales_data_monthly <- sales_data %>%\n group_by(month=date_trunc(\"month\", date)) %>%\n summarise(sales=sum(total_sales))\nggplot(sales_data_monthly, aes(x=month, y=sales)) +\n geom_line() +\n labs(title=\"Monthly Sales Trend\", x=\"Month\", y=\"Sales\")\n\n# \u7ed8\u5236\u5730\u57df\u9500\u552e\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\nlibrary(ggmap)\nsales\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
_data_map, aes(x=long, y=lat, fill=sales)) + geom_point(alpha=0.5) + scale_fill_gradient(low=”white”, high=”red”) + labs(title=”Sales Heatmap by Region”, x=”Longitude”, y=”Latitude”)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528tidyverse\u5305\u4e2d\u7684ggplot()\u51fd\u6570\u548cgeom_bar()\u51fd\u6570\u7ed8\u5236\u4ea7\u54c1\u5206\u7c7b\u67f1\u72b6\u56fe\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528dplyr\u5305\u4e2d\u7684group_by()\u51fd\u6570\u548csummarise()\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6708\u5ea6\u9500\u552e\u603b\u989d\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2\u5305\u4e2d\u7684geom_line()\u51fd\u6570\u7ed8\u5236\u6708\u5ea6\u9500\u552e\u8d8b\u52bf\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ggmap\u5305\u7ed8\u5236\u5730\u57df\u9500\u552e\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u8868\u793a\u9500\u552e\u989d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u7535\u5546\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e1a\u52a1\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\n\n\u56db\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\n\n\u6700\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9500\u552e\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5982\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u3001ARIMA\u6a21\u578b\u3001Prophet\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b<\/h1>\n\n\n\n\u52a0\u8f7d\u6269\u5c55\u5305<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
library(forecast)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
sales_data_ts <- ts(sales_data$total_sales, start=c(2018, 1), frequency=12)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8ba1\u7b97ARIMA\u6a21\u578b<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
arima_model <- auto.arima(sales_data_ts) arima_forecast <- forecast(arima_model, h=12)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8ba1\u7b97Prophet\u6a21\u578b<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
library(prophet) sales_data_prophet <- sales_data %>% select(date, total_sales) %>% rename(ds=date, y=total_sales) prophet_model <- prophet(sales_data_prophet) prophet_forecast <- predict(prophet_model, make_future_dataframe(prophet_model, periods=12))<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7ed8\u5236ARIMA\u9884\u6d4b\u56fe<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
plot(arima_forecast)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7ed8\u5236Prophet\u9884\u6d4b\u56fe<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
prophet_plot_components(prophet_model, prophet_forecast)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528ts()\u51fd\u6570\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528auto.arima()\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97ARIMA\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528forecast()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528prophet()\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97Prophet\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528predict()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528plot()\u51fd\u6570\u548cprophet_plot_components()\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u522b\u7ed8\u5236ARIMA\u9884\u6d4b\u56fe\u548cProphet\u9884\u6d4b\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u51c6\u786e\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9500\u552e\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e1a\u52a1\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\n\n\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u5546\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u589e\u957f\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8bf7\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u5b9e\u6218\u9879\u76ee\u6848\u4f8b\u91d1\u878d\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91d1\u878d\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5229\u7528\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u6295\u8d44\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u6536\u76ca\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u8d44\u4ea7\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u8d8b\u52bf\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3a\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u91d1\u878d\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5982quantmod\u5305\u3001PerformanceAnalytics\u5305\u3001TTR\u5305\u3001xts\u5305\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6218\u9879\u76ee\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u91d1\u878d\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u3001\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7API\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u722c\u866b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528quantmod\u5305\u4e2d\u7684getSymbols()\u51fd\u6570\u4eceYahoo Finance\u83b7\u53d6”AAPL”\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u62ec\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u5f00\u76d8\u4ef7\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u4ef7\u3001\u6536\u76d8\u4ef7\u3001\u6210\u4ea4\u91cf\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5171\u6709252\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a5\u7740\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53bb\u9664\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3001\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6536\u76ca\u7387\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u5982\u7b80\u5355\u79fb\u52a8\u5e73\u5747\u7ebf\u3001\u6307\u6570\u79fb\u52a8\u5e73\u5747\u7ebf\u7b49\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
perlCopy code# \u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u6269\u5c55\u5305\nlibrary(quantmod)\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\ngetSymbols(\"AAPL\", from=\"2018-01-01\", to=\"2018-12-31\")\n\n# \u5904\u7406\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\nAAPL <- na.omit(AAPL)\nAAPL$date <- as.Date(index(AAPL), \"%Y-%m-%d\")\n\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u6536\u76ca\u7387\nAAPL_return <- dailyReturn(AAPL, type=\"log\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\nAAPL$SMA <- SMA(Cl(AAPL), n=20)\nAAPL$EMA <- EMA(Cl(AAPL), n=20)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4e09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a5\u7740\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u7840\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u56fe\u5f62\u5c55\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5982\u6536\u76ca\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u5e73\u5747\u7ebf\u3001\u5e03\u6797\u5e26\u7b49\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scssCopy code